“FOI is an effective anti-corruption tool. When the people are aware of what’s going on in their government, officials will think twice about committing crime because they know they are being watched,” Pangilinan, author of Senate Bill 265 or the proposed People’s Freedom of Information Act, said.

According to Deputy Ombudsman Cyril Ramos, the Philippines is losing around P700 billion, or around 20 percent of the country’s total budget appropriation yearly due to corruption.

“Ang katiwalian ay nangyayari sa dilim. Ang FOI ang sikat ng araw na papatay dito (Corruption happens in the dark. FOI is the sunshine that will kill it),” Pangilinan said.

Under the bill, “every Filipino citizen has a right to and shall, on request, be given access to any information of public concern under the control of a government agency regardless of the physical form or format in which they are contained, subject only to exceptions.”

Unlike the existing Executive Order, which covers only the executive, the proposed FOI law will cover all government agencies in the executive, legislative and judicial branches, as well as constitutional bodies.

The bill states the mandatory disclosure of the Statement of Assets, Liabilities and Net worth (SALN) of all public officials.

All agencies are mandated to upload on their websites updated documents, including their annual budget; itemized monthly collections and disbursements; summary of incomes and expenditures; utilization of Internal Revenue Allotment; annual procurement plan and list; items to bid; bid results; procurement contracts, among other relevant documents.

There are, however, exceptions to disclosure, including information that directly relates to national security or defense and its revelation may cause damage to the national security or internal and external defense of the state.

The concerned agency is required to respond to any party requesting particular information.

A penalty of not less than one month but not more than six months and a fine ranging from P10,000 to P100,000 shall be imposed upon any public official who falsely denies or conceals information.